What is Haematuria?

Haematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine, which can be a symptom of an underlying medical condition. The blood may be visible to the naked eye (macroscopic haematuria) or only detectable under a microscope (microscopic haematuria).

While haematuria can be alarming, it does not always indicate a serious problem, but it should always be evaluated by a medical professional.

Types of Haematuria

There are two main types of haematuria:

1. Macroscopic Haematuria (visible blood in urine) Also known as gross haematuria, this condition occurs when blood is clearly visible in the urine, turning it pink, red, or brown. Common causes include: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) Bladder or kidney cancer Bladder or kidney stones Prostate conditions, such as an enlarged prostate (BPH) Trauma or injury to the urinary tract Certain medications, such as anticoagulants

2. Microscopic Haematuria (blood tested in a lab) This type of haematuria is not visible to the naked eye and is usually found during routine urine tests.

Causes of microscopic haematuria can include:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Kidney disease such as Thin Basement Membrane Disease or IgA Nephropathy Kidney stones
• Glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the kidney’s filtering units)
• Strenuous exercise, particularly long-distance running
• Certain medications and blood disorders

Symptoms associated with Haematuria

While haematuria itself is a symptom, it may be accompanied by other signs depending on the underlying cause, such as:

• Painful or burning urination (suggesting a UTI)
• Frequent urge to urinate
• Loin or abdominal pain
• Blood clots in the urine
• Fever and chills (if an infection is present)

Diagnosing Haematuria

To determine the cause of haematuria, a urologist may recommend the following tests:

• Urinalysis: a urine test to check for red blood cells, infections, or proteins.
• Urine cytology: helps identify cancer cells.
• Blood tests: to assess kidney function.
• Imaging tests: Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to examine the urinary tract.
• Cystoscopy: A procedure where a thin, flexible camera is inserted into the bladder to check for abnormalities.

Treatment options

The treatment for haematuria depends on the underlying cause. When to see a doctor If you notice blood in your urine, whether visible or detected through a lab test, it is important to seek medical attention. Haematuria is a symptom that should not be ignored. Whether macroscopic or microscopic, identifying the underlying cause is key to effective treatment. If you experience blood in your urine or associated symptoms. For more information or to schedule an appointment, contact our clinic today.