The difference between BPH and prostate cancer: what every man should know
When it comes to prostate health, two common conditions often cause confusion: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. While both affect the prostate gland, they are distinct in nature and treatment approaches.
What is BPH?
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) refers to the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. This condition commonly affects men as they age, particularly those over 50. The prostate surrounds the urethra, and as it enlarges, it can press against the urinary tract, causing significant issues with urination which can impact quality of life. Common urinary issues include:
- Weak or interrupted urine flow
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- Inability to empty the bladder
- Blood in urine (Haematuria)
- Urgency to urinate Difficulty starting urination
- Dribbling at the end of urination
- Urinary tract infections
BPH is a non-cancerous condition and is not life-threatening. Although BPH symptoms can be highly disruptive and uncomfortable, there are solutions available. BPH can be effectively managed through medication or surgical procedures, including Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP), Laser Prostate Surgery, or the latest minimally invasive option that we offer at our Urology clinic in Auckland, the iTind implant.
What is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the prostate gland grow uncontrollably. It is one of the most common cancers in men, particularly those over 65. While some prostate cancers are aggressive and require immediate treatment, many grow slowly and may not cause symptoms for years. This underscores the importance of regular PSA testing for men over 50 years old.
As prostate cancer progresses to an advanced stage, some signs may become noticeable however. Symptoms could include difficulty urinating (much like BPH), blood in urine or semen, or bone pain. Prostate cancer is a complex disease with many treatment options depending on the stage and type of cancer, and whether or not the cancer is localised or advanced. Options might include Active Surveillance, Robotic Surgery, Radiotherapy or the innovative NanoKnife procedure.
Key differences between BPH and prostate cancer
Diagnosis: how to tell the difference
A thorough medical evaluation by your urologist is essential to distinguish between the two. Your doctor may use the following methods:
- Medical history and symptom assessment: Understanding your symptoms, their severity, and when they occur is the first step.
- Physical examination: A digital rectal exam (DRE) helps the doctor assess the size and texture of the prostate.
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: Elevated PSA levels can indicate prostate cancer, but they can also be linked to BPH or other conditions.
- Imaging and biopsy: If cancer is suspected, imaging tests like MRI or a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Can you have both conditions?
Yes, it is possible to have both BPH and prostate cancer at the same time. In fact, many prostate cancer patients also have urinary issues due to BPH.
When to see a doctor
If you experience any urinary symptoms or changes in your prostate health, don’t delay consulting a urologist. Early intervention can prevent complications and ensure timely management, whether it’s BPH or prostate cancer. BPH and prostate cancer are fundamentally different conditions with distinct causes, risks, and treatments. Regular PSA screenings, awareness of your symptoms, and timely consultations with your urologist are the keys to maintaining prostate health and addressing issues early. If you’re concerned about your prostate health, schedule a consultation with us today to gain clarity and take control of your well-being.