Prostate cancer is the most common cancer affecting men in New Zealand. 1 in 8 New Zealand men will develop prostate cancer in their lifetime and the risk is doubled if they have a first-degree relative with prostate cancer.  The prostate gland is a small, walnut-shaped gland located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It surrounds the urethra (the tube through which urine flows from the bladder out of the body). The primary function of the prostate gland is to produce seminal fluid, a component of semen that nourishes and transports sperm during ejaculation.  As men age, the prostate can become enlarged or develop cancer, making it essential to monitor and maintain prostate health.

Prostate cancer generally does not cause any symptoms in its early stages. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation:

• • Difficulty urinating
  • Weak or interrupted urine flow
  • Frequent urination, especially at night
  • Blood in urine or semen
  • Pain or discomfort in the lower back, upper thighs or hips
  • Painful ejaculation

Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

Diagnosing prostate cancer involves several steps to ensure an accurate assessment

• Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): During a DRE, the doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel for any abnormalities in the prostate.
• Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: A blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate. Elevated PSA levels can indicate prostate cancer or other prostate conditions.
• Multiparametric Prostate MRI scan: A special test that looks for suspicious lesions within the prostate. It is very good at ruling out clinically significant prostate cancer.
• Transperineal Prostate Biopsy: If initial tests suggest the possibility of prostate cancer, a biopsy may be performed. This involves taking small tissue samples from the prostate (including the area of suspicion) using a needle inserted through the perineum (the area between the anus and scrotum) under ultrasound guidance.
• Other Imaging Tests: PSMA PET CT scans and bone scans may be used to determine the extent of the cancer and to see if it has spread to other parts of the body.

Treatment Options for Prostate Cancer

Treatment for prostate cancer depends on the stage of the cancer, the patient’s overall health, and personal preferences. At our clinic, we offer a range of advanced treatment options:

• Active Surveillance: For low-risk, slow-growing cancers, regular monitoring may be recommended to avoid unnecessary treatments.
• Surgery: Options include robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, which involves the precise removal of the prostate gland using robotic technology, resulting in smaller incisions and quicker recovery times.
• NanoKnife: This minimally invasive treatment uses electrical currents to destroy cancer cells while preserving surrounding healthy tissue. Dr Imran Ali is one of the first doctors in New Zealand to offer this innovative procedure.
• Radiotherapy: is also an option for men with prostate cancer. If Dr Ali feels you may benefit from radiotherapy, he will refer you to his radiotherapy colleagues for discussion.

Prostate cancer is a serious condition that requires timely diagnosis and effective treatment. Understanding the symptoms and exploring your treatment options can make a significant difference in managing this disease. If you are experiencing any symptoms or have concerns about your prostate health, don’t hesitate to contact us. Request an appointment with Dr Ali to discuss your prostate cancer options.